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Freedom of religion --- Freedom of worship --- Intolerance --- Liberty of religion --- Religious freedom --- Religious liberty --- Separation of church and state --- Freedom of expression --- Liberty --- Law and legislation --- Freedom of religion. --- Liberté religieuse

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Includes articles by members of its distinguished Board of Experts and other academics and activists in the field of religious freedom and human rights, along with news and reports from its international congresses and symposiums.

Freedom of religion --- Human rights --- Discrimination --- Discrimination. --- Freedom of religion. --- Human rights. --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Freedom of worship --- Intolerance --- Liberty of religion --- Religious freedom --- Religious liberty --- Separation of church and state --- Bias --- Law and legislation --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Freedom of expression --- Liberty --- Interpersonal relations --- Minorities --- Toleration

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The descriptions 'good' and 'bad' are examples of thin concepts, as opposed to 'kind' or 'cruel' which are thick concepts. Simon Kirchin provides one of the first full-length studies of the crucial distinction between 'thin' and 'thick' concepts, which is fundamental to many debates in ethics, aesthetics and epistemology.

Evaluation. --- Assessment --- Research --- Ethics. --- Metaethics. --- Meta-ethics --- Ethics --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- descriptive content --- evaluation --- ethics --- thick concepts --- thin concepts --- aesthetics --- Genus --- Good and evil --- Non-cognitivism --- Semantics --- Separation of church and state --- Species

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In den vergangenen Jahren ist das Thema "Säkularisierung" zu einem beliebten Forschungsparadigma geworden. Geschichtliche Prozesse und gegenwärtige Phänomene werden unter der Perspektive von "Säkularisierung" beschrieben und gewinnen so ein besonderes Profil. Was aber steckt hinter der Begrifflichkeit und mit welchen Theorien und Theorieentwicklungen sind wir konfrontiert? Die Beiträge dieses Bandes versuchen dies zu klären und sowohl historische als auch gegenwartsbezogene Zugänge zu entwickeln. Dabei geht es um Säkularisierungsschübe und deren Auslöser in der Geschichte; um die Frage danach, wie Religion und religiöse Praxis in jeweils unterschiedlicher Weise auf Säkularisierungsphänomene reagierten. Denn Tatsache ist, dass die Religion - in welcher Ausprägung auch immer - nie ganz verdrängt wurde. Auch die Auswirkungen von Säkularisierung und Säkularisierungsschüben auf die gelebte Religion werden thematisiert, ebenso wie mögliche gesellschaftliche und politische Auswirkungen. Kam es zu einer Verdrängung der Religion aus der Öffentlichkeit oder zu einer Selbstbehauptung der Religion gegen säkularisierende Tendenzen? Um dies zu beleuchten werden verschiedene geographische und religiöse Räume abgeschritten, wobei auch geschichtliche Entwicklungen aufgezeigt werden sollen, um den Blick auf Säkularisierungen in der Gegenwart zu schärfen.

Secularization (Theology) --- Secularism --- Church and state --- Europe --- Religion --- Christianity and state --- Separation of church and state --- State and church --- State, The --- Ethics --- Irreligion --- Utilitarianism --- Atheism --- Postsecularism --- Secular theology --- Death of God theology --- Theology, Doctrinal --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Secularism - Europe - Congresses --- Secularization (Theology) - Congresses --- Church and state - Europe - Congresses --- Europe - Religion - Congresses --- Social Science --- Sociology --- General

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O principal objectivo deste livro é determinar as bases do processo de secularização e laicização da sociedade portuguesa e tentar entender se o processo português é generalizável aos outros países da Europa Ocidental. A análise parte do processo de massificação da literatura de espiritualidade, que teve início em França no início do século XVII e conheceu prolongamentos em Portugal na segunda metade do século. Este processo levou a uma “secularização da devoção” e ao desenvolvimento de uma epistemologia, primeiro, e a uma psicologia, depois. Pretende-se demonstrar a forma como o iluminismo português, encarnado pelo Marquês de Pombal, veiculava uma visão do homem que se fundava na profunda introspecção resultante desse processo. Procura-se, igualmente, demonstrar a emergência de um partido agostiniano e anti-jesuítico em Portugal na segunda metade do século XVII, e que Pombal utilizou como base social crítica para o seu processo de reformas sociais.Trata-se de uma forma de abordar a questão da secularização que está nos antípodas da tese oficial de uma retirada progressiva de Deus do seio da sociedade humana. Paradoxalmente, a gradual emancipação da razão humana pode ter sido potenciada pela acção daqueles que mais a desprezavam.

Portuguese --- Secularism --- Church and state --- Enlightenment --- Spirituality --- History. --- Catholic Church --- Portugal --- Civilization. --- Church history. --- Spiritual-mindedness --- Philosophy --- Religion --- Spiritual life --- Aufklärung --- Eighteenth century --- Philosophy, Modern --- Rationalism --- Christianity and state --- Separation of church and state --- State and church --- State, The --- Ethics --- Irreligion --- Utilitarianism --- Atheism --- Postsecularism --- Secularization (Theology)